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​Bacteria constitute a diverse group of microorganisms with numerous identified species. They can be found in various environments, including soil, water, air, and within the human body. Some well-known bacterial species include: Escherichia coli (E. coli): A rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the lower intestines of humans and animals. While most strains are harmless, certain pathogenic strains can cause severe illnesses. Staphylococcus aureus: A spherical bacterium that often colonizes the skin and nasal passages. It can cause infections ranging from minor skin infections to more serious conditions such as pneumonia and sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes: A chain-forming bacterium responsible for various infections, including strep throat, skin infections, and certain types of invasive diseases. Bacillus subtilis: A soil-dwelling bacterium known for its ability to form endospores, which enable it to survive harsh environmental conditions. It has applications in biotechnology and is widely studied for its diverse metabolic capabilities. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The causative agent of tuberculosis, a contagious disease primarily affecting the lungs. This rod-shaped bacterium is characterized by its slow growth and ability to persist within host tissues. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A common opportunistic pathogen found in soil, water, and various clinical settings. It can cause infections in individuals with compromised immune systems and is notorious for its antibiotic resistance. Salmonella enterica: A group of bacteria known for causing foodborne illnesses, such as salmonellosis. Different serotypes of Salmonella enterica can infect a wide range of animals, including humans. These are just a few examples of the vast array of bacterial species that exist. Each species has unique characteristics, including morphology, metabolism, and pathogenic potential. Scientists continue to discover and study new bacterial species, expanding our understanding of the microbial world.